"Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, 'When a man makes a difficult vow, he shall be valued according to your valuation of persons belonging to the LORD.
'Now if a man consecrates his house as holy to the LORD, then the priest shall value it as either good or bad; as the priest values it, so it shall stand.
'Again, if a man consecrates to the LORD part of the fields of his own property, then your valuation shall be proportionate to the seed needed for it: a homer of barley seed at fifty shekels of silver.
'Nevertheless, anything which a man sets apart to the LORD out of all that he has, of man or animal or of the fields of his own property, shall not be sold or redeemed. Anything devoted to destruction is most holy to the LORD.
'When a man offers a sacrifice of peace offerings to the LORD to fulfill a special vow or for a freewill offering, of the herd or of the flock, it must be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no defect in it.
"However, you may slaughter and eat meat within any of your gates, whatever you desire, according to the blessing of the LORD your God which He has given you; the unclean and the clean may eat of it, as of the gazelle and the deer.
"When an ox or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall remain seven days with its mother, and from the eighth day on it shall be accepted as a sacrifice of an offering by fire to the LORD.
'Every grain offering of yours, moreover, you shall season with salt, so that the salt of the covenant of your God shall not be lacking from your grain offering; with all your offerings you shall offer salt.
'If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer it, a male without defect; he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, that he may be accepted before the LORD.
"Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, 'This is the law of the sin offering: in the place where the burnt offering is slain the sin offering shall be slain before the LORD; it is most holy.
"Thus they shall eat those things by which atonement was made at their ordination and consecration; but a layman shall not eat them, because they are holy.
'Now when anyone presents a grain offering as an offering to the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour, and he shall pour oil on it and put frankincense on it.
'What is left of it Aaron and his sons are to eat. It shall be eaten as unleavened cakes in a holy place; they are to eat it in the court of the tent of meeting.
"But you shall seek the LORD at the place which the LORD your God will choose from all your tribes, to establish His name there for His dwelling, and there you shall come.
then it shall come about that the place in which the LORD your God will choose for His name to dwell, there you shall bring all that I command you: your burnt offerings and your sacrifices, your tithes and the contribution of your hand, and all your choice votive offerings which you will vow to the LORD.
"You shall say to them, 'This is the offering by fire which you shall offer to the LORD: two male lambs one year old without defect as a continual burnt offering every day.
The priest is to put on his linen robe, and he shall put on undergarments next to his flesh; and he shall take up the ashes to which the fire reduces the burnt offering on the altar and place them beside the altar.
"This is the offering which Aaron and his sons are to present to the LORD on the day when he is anointed; the tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a regular grain offering, half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening.
Then on the sabbath day two male lambs one year old without defect, and two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering, and its drink offering:
'Then at the beginning of each of your months you shall present a burnt offering to the LORD: two bulls and one ram, seven male lambs one year old without defect;
'You shall present an offering by fire, a burnt offering to the LORD: two bulls and one ram and seven male lambs one year old, having them without defect.
"Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, 'When you enter the land which I am going to give to you and reap its harvest, then you shall bring in the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest.
Also on the day of the first fruits, when you present a new grain offering to the LORD in your Feast of Weeks, you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work.
You shall bring in from your dwelling places two loaves of bread for a wave offering, made of two-tenths of an ephah; they shall be of a fine flour, baked with leaven as first fruits to the LORD.
'Now in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall also have a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work. It will be to you a day for blowing trumpets.
'Then on the fifteenth day of the seventh month you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work, and you shall observe a feast to the LORD for seven days.
Also the flesh that touches anything unclean shall not be eaten; it shall be burned with fire. As for other flesh, anyone who is clean may eat such flesh.
"Now if a person sins and does any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, though he was unaware, still he is guilty and shall bear his punishment.
"Then he shall bring to the priest his guilt offering to the LORD, a ram without defect from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering,
כה וְאֶת-אֲשָׁמוֹ יָבִיא, לַיהוָה, אַיִל תָּמִים מִן-הַצֹּאן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ לְאָשָׁם, אֶל-הַכֹּהֵן.
'But if he cannot afford a lamb, then he shall bring to the LORD his guilt offering for that in which he has sinned, two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering.
'Now if the whole congregation of Israel commits error and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly, and they commit any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, and they become guilty;
'When the days of her purification are completed, for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring to the priest at the doorway of the tent of meeting a one year old lamb for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a turtledove for a sin offering.
'Now when the man with the discharge becomes cleansed from his discharge, then he shall count off for himself seven days for his cleansing; he shall then wash his clothes and bathe his body in running water and will become clean.
"Now on the eighth day he is to take two male lambs without defect, and a yearling ewe lamb without defect, and three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering, and one log of oil;
'He shall not replace it or exchange it, a good for a bad, or a bad for a good; or if he does exchange animal for animal, then both it and its substitute shall become holy.
Les 613 commandements (mitsvot) sont la liste complète des instructions divines de la Torah — les cinq premiers livres de la Bible. Ils ont été codifiés par Maïmonide au XIIe siècle et comprennent 248 commandements positifs (« fais ceci ») et 365 négatifs (« ne fais pas ceci »).
Que signifient les labels P et N ?
P signifie Positif — un commandement de faire quelque chose (ex : « Honore ton père et ta mère »). N signifie Négatif — une interdiction (ex : « Tu ne voleras pas »). Il y a 248 positifs et 365 négatifs.
Quelles sont les 30 catégories ?
Les commandements sont organisés en catégories telles que Sacrifices et Offrandes, Tribunaux et Châtiments, Temps Fixés, Idolâtrie, Lévites et Prêtres, Lois Alimentaires, Mariage et Famille, et plus. Cela facilite l'étude des commandements connexes.
Pourquoi y a-t-il trois langues de l'Écriture ?
Chaque commandement montre le texte hébreu original, la traduction grecque de la Septante et une traduction anglaise. Cela permet d'étudier le commandement dans sa langue originale et de comparer les traductions.
Qu'est-ce qu'une Parasha ?
Une Paracha est la portion hebdomadaire de lecture de la Torah dans la tradition liturgique juive. Chaque commandement indique à quelle Paracha il appartient, le reliant au cycle de lecture synagogal.
Qu'est-ce que le Sefer HaChinuch ?
Le Sefer HaChinuch est une œuvre du XIIIe siècle qui explique les raisons de chacun des 613 commandements. Le numéro affiché ici correspond au système d'ordonnancement de cette œuvre.
Tous les commandements sont-ils encore pratiqués aujourd'hui ?
De nombreux commandements concernent le Temple, le système sacrificiel ou la vie agricole dans l'ancien Israël et ne peuvent être pratiqués aujourd'hui. D'autres — comme les commandements éthiques et moraux — restent universellement observés dans toutes les traditions.
Puis-je filtrer par catégorie ?
Oui. Utilisez les pastilles de catégorie en haut pour filtrer les commandements par l'une des 30 catégories. Vous pouvez aussi filtrer par polarité (positif/négatif) pour voir uniquement les commandements ou les interdictions.
Quel est le lien entre les commandements et le Nouveau Testament ?
Jésus a résumé les commandements en deux grands principes : aimer Dieu et aimer son prochain (Matthieu 22:37-40). Paul et d'autres apôtres discutent de la relation entre la Loi et la grâce dans les Épîtres.
Pourquoi le texte dit « D-eu » au lieu de « Dieu » ?
Les données originales suivent la convention académique juive, qui évite d'écrire le nom complet de Dieu par révérence. C'est une pratique traditionnelle dans la documentation et les études juives.
